Concrete Buildings in Seismic Regions_ ساختمان های بتنی در نواحی زلزله خیز

Concrete Buildings in Seismic Regions

Earthquake engineering is an independent scientific discipline that has come into being along with engineering seismology over the past 100 years and is therefore still evolving, as happens in every new scientific field. It started as a framework of codified rules for the seismic design of buildings at the beginning of the twentieth century, after the catastrophic Messina (Italy) earthquake of 1908. This design procedure was based, on one hand, on a framework of empirical rules for avoiding seismic damage observed in previous earthquakes and, on the other, on the simulation of the seismic action on a set of lateral forces equal to a percentage of the gravity loads of the building. This loading pattern constituted one additional load case, the ‘seismic loading’. The above simulation was based on the fact that the acceleration of the masses of a building due to earthquake causes inertial lateral forces proportional to the masses of the building, and in this respect proportional to the gravity loads. The proportion of lateral seismic loads Hseism to gravity loads W resulted from the ratio of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) to
the gravity acceleration g (ε = PGA/g = Hseism/W).

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